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Barnes say, "The word mystery means, properly, that which is concealed, hidden, or unknown. And it especially refers, in the New Testament, to the truths or doctrines which God had reserved to himself, or had not before communicated. It does not mean, as with us often, that there was anything unintelligible or inscrutable in the nature of the doctrine itself, for it was commonly perfectly plain when it was made known. Thus the doctrine, that the division between the Jews and the Gentiles was to be broken down, is called a mystery, because it had been, to the times of the apostles, concealed, and was then revealed fully for the first time, Rom. 16:25, Col. 1:26,27. Compare with 1 Cor. 15:51, Mark 4:11, Eph. 1:9, 3:3. Thus the doctrine which the apostle was stating was one that until then had been concealed, or had not been made known. It does not mean that there was anything unintelligible or incomprehensive in it, but until then it had not been made known" (Barnes New Testament Notes, Romans 11:25).
The Nation of Israel rejected Jesus as their Messiah. Although He came fulfilling exactly all the Old Testament prophecies concerning the coming of the Messiah, did great miracles, and proclaimed Himself the Messiah the Jews, as a nation, refused to believe His was the Savior the promised Messiah.
It should be noted that the blindness of Israel was "in part" meaning they were not completely or absolutely blinded. Many did believe in Jesus the Messiah and were saved. In fact the first Christians were all Jews beginning with Jesus' twelve disciples, then the 120 gathered on the day of Pentecost and included the 3000 saved on that day. Cornelius was the first Gentile saved and added to the Body of Christ, and later as Acts 11:19-26 records when the church at Antioch was established. Even in Asia Minor the churches that Paul established were mixed Jew and Gentile and in the first missionary journeys Paul preached in the synagogues to the Jews first and then to the Gentiles. (see Rom. 1:16, 2:10) However, the Jews as a people rejected Jesus Christ and in time even Paul stopped preaching to them. (see Rom. 18:6) Even today some Jews are saved showing the blindness of Israel was to them as a nation not to every individual Jew.
I. GOD'S PROGRAM FOR ISRAEL.
6. In the Davidic Covenant (covenant to David) God promised David's kingdom would be forever. (2 Samuel 7:15-16)
2. Jesus also began His ministry proclaiming the same message. "Repent for the kingdom of God is at Hand?" (Matt. 4:17, Mark 1:15).
3. Note Matthew 4:23 that the Gospel that was preached was the Gospel "of the kingdom." Do we preach this now? Answer, no. Note that in Matthew 5:17..."I am come not to destroy the law and the prophets: I am not come to destroy but to fulfill." In Matthew chapters 5 to 7 Jesus preached the Kingdom, and the precepts that would govern His coming Kingdom.
4. The proof of His Messiahship was revealed to Israel in Matthew chapters 7 to 11. Jesus preaching to the Jews said, " . . . "blessed is the man that is not offended in me"( Matt. 11:6, Luke 7:23).In Matthew 11:16-19 records the beginning of the rejection of Christ by the Jesus. Matthew 11:20 states that Jesus began to upbraid the cities because they repented not!
The "wise and prudent" Jews began to attack Him.(Matt. 11:25) Matthew 12:2 records the Jews did not accept Him and condemned Him on the matter of His disciples eating of the Sabbath. Verse 14, states they sought to destroy Him. Chapter 13:1, says that "Jesus went and sat by the sea." Many believe that the "sea" is a type of the world and that therefore Jesus was turning from the religious and self righteous Jews because they were rejecting Him. In Chapter 13:11, Jesus told his disciples that He was revealing the truth to them, but it was not being offered to Israel. Note how Jesus explained this to the disciples:
5. Matthew 15 and 16 record the rejection of Jesus by Scribes and Pharisees who were Israel's leaders. John also recorded that the people rejected the Lord Jesus and the multitude that had followed him all forsook Him. Jesus then asked his twelve disciples, "Will ye also go away?" Then Simon Peter answered him, "Lord, to whom shall we go? thou hast the words of eternal life. And we believe and are sure that thou art that Christ, the Son of the living God." (John 6:67-69).
6. In John 8:12, Jesus proclaimed, "I am the Light of the World" and in verse 24, stated plainly that He was God. He did not say "a" God, He said "I am YAWEH!" (see John 4:26,10:30) In John 8:40 Jesus stated the meant to kill Him. (see verse 45, 56-58)
B. Verse 25, notes that the blindness end when the "fullness of the Gentiles is come"
Ezekiel 21:24-27 stats the reason Israel was rejected by God. The reason as verse 24 says was their sin. "Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; Because ye have made your iniquity to be remembered, in that your transgressions are discovered, so that in all your doings your sins do appear; because, I say, that ye are come to remembrance, ye shall be taken with the hand." (Ezekiel 21:24)
Verse 26 notes the "diadem and crown", which are symbols the right to govern will be removed. The end to the time when the diadem and crown are removed is temporary and they will be restored. When the one comes "whose right it is", to rule. It began when Nebuchadnezzar conquered Judah and took them captive and removed them from the land. It as continued throughout history unto our present age because Israel has rejected God. Yes, they claim to worship God, buy the Book of Malachi clearly dispels the idea they were truly obeying or serving God.
The Seventh week of Daniel is the time when God will begin again to work with Israel and moves to complete His promises to them. God's prophetic clock will once again begin to mark time to the end of the 70th Week when the Messiah will come. Many Jews will believe and receive Jesus as the Christ. Revelations chapters 4-19, record how God works to bring Israel back to Himself in the period called the Great Tribulation. It appears that during the beginning of the Seventh Week (Tribulation), the first Jews will be saved which are the 144,000. (Rev. 7:4)
Conclusion:
The mystery of the blindness of Israel is that they willing ignored the message, miracles and fulfilled prophecies concerning the coming of the Messiah. Israel in their pride though themselves to be special and suprior people whose relationship with God was founded in their birth as Jews. They falsely believed that God showed special favoritism to them individually. Nicodemus in John 3 is a perfect example. He though his heritage as a Jew would get him into heaven. Jesus replied that he needed to be born again, which mean spiritually reborn and if that did not occur he would not see the kingdom of heaven. Jesus explained that God send His Son, and those who believed in Him would not perish. Jesus stated, "He that believeth on him is not condemned: but he that believeth not is condemned already, because he hath not believed in the name of the only begotten Son of God." (John 3:18) In other words Jesus told Nicodemus that him being a Jew was would not get him into heaven....he needed to believe and accept Jesus Christ in order to be saved.
In Romans 11:25 Paul warns everyone that they should have false wisdom and be conceited and understand that this is what causes most of Israel to stumble and be lost. The mystery then was Israel rejected Jesus as their Messiah and the Gospel went to the Gentiles. This passage is addressing the fact that Paul was the Apostle to the Gentiles and that the Gentiles were "graffed" in as was God's plan. This grafting in of the Gentiles into the promised kingdom and their salvation by God was unknown or not accepted by the Jews. Thus the salvation of Gentiles was a mystery, a present revealed truth, in Paul's day. "And that he might make known the riches of his glory on the vessels of mercy, which he had afore prepared unto glory, Even us, whom he hath called, not of the Jews only, but also of the Gentiles?" (Romans 9:23-24)
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