I find it interesting that the verses that you have quoted on the Sabbath issue do not necessarily talk about Sabbath or Sunday worship directly, it feels like you trying to convince me because they are open to 'interpretation' if you know what i mean. I would have loved verses that directly talk about Sabbath or Sunday worship not verses that generalize this issue or make the issue subjective. . . . I believe and I am convinced that the devil is behind this lack of clarity on this subject. This is because i strongly believe in this issue lies a truth that the devil is trying to hide from God's people. I am not sure what and why but I am determined to find the truth for myself by researching and reading the bible and asking God alone to reveal to me what lies beyond. The devil manipulates the truth to mislead people and i think he has done a good job to cause confusion on this topic. This ongoing debate tells me that worshiping God in the way he said he wants to be worshiped is probably one of devil's greatest threats as it gives more power and triumph to God and not him. I would also like to encourage you to continue searching for the truth incase you have been mislead, I know you are learned but maybe, just maybe, there is still something you can discover.
What is message of Exodus 31 concerning the Sabbath?
  Prior to Exodus 16:23 there is no mention of anyone keeping a Sabbath day. The word "sabbath" simply means an "intermission" meaning it was a break in the normal week of the Israelites a special day of rest to honor the Lord. In Exodus 16, there are no special instructions about keeping the sabbath except that it was a day of rest and not to bake the "manna" as long as God sent it to feed them. The next mention of the sabbath is Exodus 20:11, "For in six days the LORD made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day: wherefore the LORD blessed the sabbath day, and hallowed it."
"But before faith came, we were kept under the law, shut up unto the faith which should afterwards be revealed. Wherefore the law was our schoolmaster to bring us unto Christ, that we might be justified by faith. But after that faith is come, we are no longer under a schoolmaster." (Galatians 3:23-25) Repeatedly Paul states Christian are not under the law, but under grace. This means we keep the principle of the law, but not the letter. "But now we are delivered from the law, that being dead wherein we were held; that we should serve in newness of spirit, and not in the oldness of the letter." (Romans 7:6)
Since those days, the vast majority of Christians have always met to worship on the Lord's day. They do this in honor of the resurrection of their Savior. Christ was in the tomb during the Sabbath, and rose as the firstborn from the dead on the first day. The Sabbath signifies the last day of the old creation (Gen. 2:2). Sunday is the first day of the new creation.
Evidence from extra biblical historic sources:
The Epistle of Barnabas (c. A.D. 120), in discussing such things as incense, new moons, and sabbaths, says that the Lord “abolished these things” in deference to “the new law of our Lord Jesus Christ” (ANF.I.138). Later, it is affirmed: “Wherefore, also, we keep the eighth day with joyfulness, the day also on which Jesus rose again from the dead” (I.147).
Justin Martyr (A.D. 140) declared that “on the day called Sunday” the primitive Christians met for worship. He further stated that this was the day on which Christ was raised from the dead (I.186).
Clement of Alexandria (A.D. 194) spoke of the one who “keeps the Lord’s day” as “glorifying the Lord’s resurrection in himself” (ANF.II.545).
Tertullian (A.D. 200) argued that the “old law” had been consummated; thus the “observance of the Sabbath is demonstrated to have been temporary” (ANF.III.155). Elsewhere he says that “Sabbaths are strange” to Christians, and that they share together “the Lord’s day” (70).
Eusebius (A.D. 324), known as the “father of church history,” stated that sabbath-observance does not “belong to Christians.” On the other hand, he asserted that Christians “celebrate the Lord’s days . . . in commemoration of his resurrection” (26,113).
Noted historian Philip Schaff concludes: “The universal and uncontradicted Sunday observance in the second century can only be explained by the fact that it had its roots in the apostolic practice” (478-479).
*(Should Christians Keep the Sabbath, http://www.christiancourier.com/articles/read/should_christians_keep_the_sabbath )
(*)(Most of the above material is from David Cloud, "Way of Life Encyclopedia of Bible and Christianity", 2000 except where noted. I have added some additional material which is marked with a asterisk.)
If a Christian wants to worship on Saturday there is no prohibitaton against it or command to. I personally think it dishonores Jesus Christ and make little of His atoning sacrifice for sin. Surely, Christ's sacrifice is more important to honor the God resting on the six day of Creation. Paul said plainly to those who proport to have superior knowledge and force their ideas on others, "Let no man therefore judge you in meat, or in drink, or in respect of an holyday, or of the new moon, or of the sabbath days:" (Colossians 2:16) I worship on Sunday to honor the Lord's suffering and dying for my sins. The evidence is clear to anyone with a honest mind who will accept the truth. Answer: You a correct that the devil is the source of the confusion. He is a liar and the father of lies. However, the lie is that Christians are to worship on the Sabbath. Please carefully read the following. The point the New Testament makes is that we are not under the law. It was the law given to Israel that God required Sabbath worship. The sixth commandment was a law and required of Israel. Until the Jews left Egypt and God made them a nation...they did not worship on the Sabbath. The law was given to Israel as a special sign between God and Israel as Exodus 31:17 states.
"It is a sign between me and the children of Israel for ever: for in six days the LORD made heaven and earth, and on the seventh day he rested, and was refreshed." (Exodus 31:17)
Repeatedly the NT Epistles states Christians are not under the law. Paul, a Jew keep the law, but preached that Gentiles were not under the law. When he returned to Jerusalem after his last missionary journey he was thrown in prison for three years by the Jews...because he taught Gentile were not under the law. If God says we are not under the law...the matter is settled.
God is not impressed by a person keeping a law. Paul said "Therefore by the deeds of the law there shall no flesh be justified in his sight: for by the law is the knowledge of sin." (Romans 3:20) The law was a school master to teach spiritual truth to the Jews. It never justified them to go through the act of law keeping if they did it without faith. The law pointed the Jew to righteousness...but many Jews kept the law out of compulsion...not out of love and respect of God. To them it was only a ritual and not spiritual.
Christians do not have to have a law to tell them to worship God. Believers do so because of a love and reverence of God and desire to honor Him. A child does not have to have a law given by their parents requiring them to love, honor and respect them. If the child loves their parents they do not need a law to make them love their parents and a law cannot make a child love their parents. This is why God said the law as a school master. It taught Israel they should honor and revere God, but if it did not come from their heart it was worthless. Therefore keeping a law and a particular day is not important..but the condition of the heart is.
The early Christians of the 1st Century knew this, as did the Apostles, and they worshiped on Sunday. The Jews continued to keep the Sabbath...because it was given to them by God, but in a short time the churches became predominately Gentile and not being Jews the did not keep the Sabbath. They Sabbath was not given to Gentiles as a special sign...only to Israel. Nowhere in the Epistles, written to the churches, is there a mention or a command to keep the Sabbath. Clearly, if it was important and a requirement from God He would have inspired the writers to state it.
If Christians are to keep this law...why not all the law? Jesus' half brother James, wrote the first book of the New Testament to be written said, "For whosoever shall keep the whole law, and yet offend in one point, he is guilty of all." (James 2:10) If we are obligated to keep one law we are obligated to keep it all.
Christians as I stated keep Sunday to remember the resurrection of Jesus Christ. This is the most important day the world has ever seen. What does the Sabbath commemorate? It was a sign to the Jew and the pagans that Israel's God was Jehovah. Is Sabbath keeping really relative to us today, more than the resurrection of Jesus Christ? That the Apostles and the early church worshiped on Sunday is a historical fact. If worshiping on Sabbath was required by God...why did they worship on Sunday? If Sunday worship was wrong...why did God not tell us it was wrong and tell us to worship on Saturday?
All false religions focus on keeping laws, ceremonies and rituals. As I stated earlier...those groups who teach Sabbath keeping all have doctrinal errors in their belief system. They are unsound doctrinally in many areas. They all try to justify themselves by doing some work, or ritual. They miss the truth that serving and living for the Lord is a spiritual matter willing done from the heart. God says we are to worship in "spirit and truth."(John 4:24) Christians since the 1st Century have known this and worshiped on Sunday. True believers have never keep rituals except the two ordnances God gave which is them, Lord's Supper and Baptism. Doing neither of them justifies anyone, and are not required for salvation.
Christians love the Lord and follow His word. They do what the Bereans did and ". . .in that they received the word with all readiness of mind, and searched the scriptures daily, whether those things were so." (Acts 17:11) Christians are not under the law of Moses and we worship the Lord on Sunday, Monday and every day of the week. The Jew could not do that ... God gave the Jews no liberty to worship anything but on Saturday. We meet together on Sunday to honor His resurrection and worship together..but we worship Him all the time. Hebrews 10:19-25 (please read) state clearly that Christians have a "new and living way" (v20). The instruction in this passage, was written to Christian Jews and instructed them to not forsake the assembling of themselves together. No mention of Sabbath keeping to these Christians. Christians are Gentile believers...we are not a nation, nor God's chosen people, but His adopted sons and daughters. Please...believe God and live in the privilege of the liberty we have in Christ.
Therefore it is untrue that the Roman Catholic church began Sunday worship. The Roman Catholic church did not exist until 300 years after time of Christ and the early church. Yet, since the beginning of the early churches, Christians were meeting together on Sunday the first day of the week.....and they have always....met on Sunday to mark the resurrection of Jesus Christ.